Publié dans : L’autre 2011, Vol. 12, n°1
Dossier : Cliniques transculturelles 1
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Kirmayer LJ. Les politiques de l’altérité dans la rencontre clinique. L’autre, cliniques, cultures et sociétés, 2011, volume 12, n°1, pp. 16-29
Les politiques de l’altérité dans la rencontre clinique
Les migrations mondiales ont partout augmenté l’impact de la diversité culturelle dans les sociétés et dans les mégapoles. Cela pose des problèmes pratiques, conceptuels et éthiques à l’exercice de la médecine. La manière avec laquelle les nations traitent de la différence culturelle et apportent une réponse à la diversité dépend de l’histoire spécifique des migrations et des idéologies sous-jacentes de l’appartenance citoyenne. De facto, cela influence le contenu des prestations des services de soins. Cet article explore les origines et les conséquences des réponses apportées à la diversité culturelle par les différents systèmes de soins en santé mentale, avec une attention particulière aux types de services de santé mentale dans les sociétés multiculturelles. Bien que la politique de l’altérité dans le cadre clinique dépende de conceptions politiques générales envers la culture « de l’autre », cependant le système de soins peut constituer également un lieu potentiel de résistance et de transformation sociale.
The politics of alterity in the clinical encounter
Global migrations have increased the cultural diversity of societies and urban centres everywhere. This poses practical, conceptual, and ethical challenges to the practice of medicine. The ways that nations frame cultural difference and respond to diversity vary according to their specific histories of migration and ideologies of citizenship. These responses, in turn, shape the delivery of health care services. This paper will explore the origins and consequences of responses to diversity within different health care systems, with particular attention to models for mental health services in multicultural societies. The politics of alterity in clinical settings is determined by larger political attitudes toward the cultural ‘other’ but health care also constitutes a potential site of resistance and social transformation.
Las políticas de la alteridad en los encuentros clínicos
Las migraciones mundiales han aumentado en todas partes el impacto de la diversidad cultural en las sociedades y en las megalópolis, lo que implica algunos problemas prácticos, conceptuales y éticos en el ejercicio de la medicina. La manera en la que las naciones tratan las diferencias culturales y responden a la diversidad depende de la historia específica de las migraciones y de las ideologías subyacentes al sentido de pertenencia de la ciudadanía. Esto influye, de hecho, sobre el contenido de las prestaciones de los servicios de salud. Este artículo explora los orígenes y las consecuencias de las formas en que los diferentes sistemas de salud mental responden a la diversidad cultural, enfocándose particularmente en los tipos de servicio de salud mental en las sociedades multiculturales. Aunque la política de la alteridad en un contexto clínico depende de las concepciones políticas generales sobre la cultura «del otro», el sistema de salud puede constituir igualmente un lugar potencial de resistencia y de transformación social.
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